Fuel-Water Emulsion as an Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbines in the Context of Combustion Process Properties—A Review

Paweł Niszczota (), Maciej Chmielewski and Marian Gieras
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Paweł Niszczota: Department of Composite Aviation Structures, Air Force Institute of Technology, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland
Maciej Chmielewski: Department of Division of Aircraft Engines, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
Marian Gieras: Department of Division of Aircraft Engines, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 23, 1-21

Abstract: Fuel with the addition of water, forming fuel-water emulsions, is a potential way to reduce the emission of pollutants from gas turbines powered by any liquid fuel. This article analyzes the available work on the combustion of fuel-water emulsions in gas turbines. The literature analysis was preceded by a theoretical introduction on fuel-water emulsion, taking into account the factors influencing its micro- and macroscopic properties. The basic features of the agents used to stabilize the emulsion were also discussed and the process of its combustion was described. The analyzed research differed in terms of the test stands on which the experiments were conducted, the fuel constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion, the amount of water contained in the mixture and the method of producing the emulsion. On the basis of the conducted analysis, conclusions were drawn concerning the influence of feeding a gas turbine with a fuel-water emulsion on the emission of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and exhaust smoke. Conclusions were formulated regarding the influence of the water additive to fuel-on-fuel consumption. In addition, the impact of the presence of water on the conversion of nitrogen contained in the fuel to nitrogen oxides was indicated, and areas requiring further research were presented.

Keywords: fuel-water emulsion; alternative fuels; gas turbine; NO x emission; smoke emission; CO emission (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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