R&D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO 2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries

Grzegorz Mentel (), Waldemar Tarczyński, Hossein Azadi, Kalandar Abdurakmanov, Elina Zakirova and Raufhon Salahodjaev
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Grzegorz Mentel: Department of Quantitative Methods, The Faculty of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Waldemar Tarczyński: Department of Sustainable Finance and Capital Markets, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland
Hossein Azadi: Department of Economics and Rural Development, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Kalandar Abdurakmanov: Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent 100066, Uzbekistan
Elina Zakirova: Institute of Additional Education, Ural State University of Economics, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 23, 1-13

Abstract: This study examines the long-term relationship between carbon emissions and a number of researchers engaged in Research and Development (R&D), economic development, foreign capital inflows, renewable energy and population growth in 26 countries between 1995 and 2015. Pedroni’s panel cointegration test confirms the cointegrating relationship between the variables. Long-term elasticities are derived from FMOLS regression. Researchers in R&D and renewable energy are negatively and significantly related to carbon emissions. There is a positive and significant long-term relationship between GDPs per capita and CO 2 and between the FDI and CO 2 . Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s panel causality test revealed unidirectional causality running from economic development to carbon emissions and feedback hypotheses between the FDI and CO 2 and between renewable energy and CO 2 .

Keywords: human capital; renewable energy; CO 2 emission (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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