A Cost-Effective Passive/Active Hybrid Equalizer Circuit Design

Chein-Chung Sun, Chun-Hung Chou, Yu-Liang Lin and Yu-Hua Huang
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Chein-Chung Sun: Material & Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Department of Battery System & Application, ITRI, Rm. B11, Bldg. 77, 195 Sec., Chung-Hsing Rd., Chu-Tung, Hsin-Chu 31040, Taiwan
Chun-Hung Chou: Material & Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Department of Battery System & Application, ITRI, Rm. B11, Bldg. 77, 195 Sec., Chung-Hsing Rd., Chu-Tung, Hsin-Chu 31040, Taiwan
Yu-Liang Lin: Nuclear Instrumentation Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, No. 1000 Wenhua Rd., Jiaan Village, Longtan District, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
Yu-Hua Huang: Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 6, 1-20

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel hybrid equalizer circuit (HEC) for a battery management system (BMS) to implement the passive HEC (P-HEC), active HEC (A-HEC), or active/passive (AP-HEC) with the same equalizer circuit architecture. The advantages of an HEC are that it is simple, cost-effective, highly energy efficient, and fail safe. The P-HEC can further use a cooling fan or heater instead of a conventional resistor as a power dissipation element to convert the energy of the waste heat generated by the resistor to adjust the battery temperature. Even if the P-HEC uses the resistor to consume energy as in conventional methods, the P-HEC still dramatically improves the component lifetime and reliability of the BMS because the waste heat generated by the equalizer resistor is outside of the BMS board. Three significant advantages of an A-HEC are its (1) low cost, (2) small volume, and (3) higher energy efficiency than the conventional active equalizer circuits (AECs). In the HEC design, the MOSFETs of the switch array do not need high-speed switching to transfer energy as conventional AECs with DC/DC converter architecture because the A-HEC uses an isolated battery charger to charge the string cell. Therefore, the switch array is equal to a cell selector with a simple ON/OFF function. In summary, the HEC provides a small volume, cost-effective, high efficiency, and fail-safe equalizer circuit design to satisfy cell balancing demands for all kinds of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs).

Keywords: battery management system (BMS); hybrid equalizer circuit (HEC); passive equalizer circuit (PEC); active equalizer circuit (AEC) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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