Sectoral Analysis of the Fundamental Criteria for the Evaluation of the Viability of Wave Energy Generation Facilities in Ports—Application of the Delphi Methodology

Raúl Cascajo, Rafael Molina and Luís Pérez-Rojas
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Raúl Cascajo: Doctorado en Ingeniería Naval y Oceánica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Rafael Molina: ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), CEHINAV-UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Luís Pérez-Rojas: ETSI Navales, Shipbuilding and Naval Architecture Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), CEHINAV-UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 7, 1-25

Abstract: Nearly 40% of the world’s population lives within 100 kilometres of the coast with the risk that this implies in terms of exposure to the effects of climate change. Ocean energy, according to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2019, has been identified as one of the measures for mitigating these effects. In addition, ocean energy can play an essential role in achieving some of the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) set at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, namely SDG 7 (clean and affordable energy) and SDG 13 (climate action) and could have a substantial impact on others such as SDG 1 (poverty eradication), SDG 2 (end hunger), SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 6 (universal energy access), SDG 8 (promote sustainable economic growth), SDG 9 (build resilient infrastructure), SDG 14 (sustainable conservation of oceans and seas) and SDG 17 (promote sustainable development cooperation). There are several projects under development around the world aimed at extracting energy from waves. However, to date, no technology has been found that, in general terms, is superior to others. There are several conditioning factors that prevent this type of energy from reaching the level of maturity of other marine renewable energies. These are mainly economic, technological, environmental, and regulatory, to mention the most important. This article aims to analyse the approaches that other researchers have adopted to evaluate wave energy projects and, through a prospective method of expert consultation such as the Delphi methodology, will present the most generally accepted criteria for successful wave energy projects. Subsequently, the validity of these results will be analysed for the case of the use of the energy produced for self-consumption in ports.

Keywords: clean energy; wave energy; renewable energy; wave energy converter; SDG (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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