Digital Transformation of Microgrids: A Review of Design, Operation, Optimization, and Cybersecurity

Erdal Irmak, Ersan Kabalci () and Yasin Kabalci
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Erdal Irmak: Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
Ersan Kabalci: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir 50300, Turkey
Yasin Kabalci: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Nigde Omer Halisdemir, Nigde 51240, Turkey

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 12, 1-58

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the future digitalization of microgrids to meet the increasing energy demand. It begins with an overview of the background of microgrids, including their components and configurations, control and management strategies, and optimization techniques. It then discusses the key digital technologies that can be used to improve the performance of microgrids, including distributed energy resources management systems, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, digital twin technology, cloud computing, and augmented reality. The paper also highlights the importance of cybersecurity in microgrids, identifying the potential security vulnerabilities and threats to microgrid cybersecurity, as well as strategies for addressing these challenges. Finally, the paper discusses the barriers and challenges regarding the digitalization of microgrids, including technical complexity, high implementation costs, regulatory barriers, data privacy and security concerns, lack of standardization, interoperability issues, limited technical expertise, and integration with the main grid. Overall, this paper demonstrates the significant potential for digital technologies to transform the future of microgrids. By leveraging advanced technologies and implementing effective cybersecurity measures, microgrids can become more efficient, reliable, and resilient, enabling them to meet the growing demand for energy and contribute to a sustainable energy future.

Keywords: microgrids; digitalization; optimization; cybersecurity; renewable energy sources; IoT (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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