Comparison of Kalman Filters for State Estimation Based on Computational Complexity of Li-Ion Cells

Areeb Khalid, Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif, Noor Ul Ain, Muhammad Awais, Majid Ali Smieee (), Jorge El Mariachet Carreño (), Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero and Baseem Khan
Additional contact information
Areeb Khalid: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
Noor Ul Ain: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
Muhammad Awais: National Transmission and Dispatch Company, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
Majid Ali Smieee: Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Jorge El Mariachet Carreño: Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Juan C. Vasquez: Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Josep M. Guerrero: Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Baseem Khan: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1530, Ethiopia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 6, 1-20

Abstract: Over the last few decades, lithium-ion batteries have grown in importance for the use of many portable devices and vehicular applications. It has been seen that their life expectancy is much more effective if the required conditions are met. In one of the required conditions, accurately estimating the battery’s state of charge (SOC) is one of the important factors. The purpose of this research paper is to implement the probabilistic filter algorithms for SOC estimation; however, there are challenges associated with that. Generally, for the battery to be effective the Bayesian estimation algorithms are required, which are recursively updating the probability density function of the system states. To address the challenges associated with SOC estimation, the research paper goes further into the functions of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and sigma point Kalman filter (SPKF). The function of both of these filters will be able to provide an accurate estimation. Further studies are required for these filters’ performance, robustness, and computational complexity. For example, some filters might be accurate, might not be robust, and/or not implementable on a simple microcontroller in a vehicle’s battery management system (BMS). A comparison is made between the EKF and SPKF by running simulations in MATLAB. It is found that the SPKF has an obvious advantage over the EKF in state estimation. Within the SPKF, the sub-filter, the central difference Kalman filter (CDKF), can be considered as an alternative to the EKF for state estimation in battery management systems for electric vehicles. However, there are implications to this which include the compromise of computational complexity in which a more sophisticated micro-controller is required.

Keywords: state estimation; state of charge; Kalman filter; extended Kalman filter; central difference Kalman filter; unscented Kalman filter; computational complexity; electric vehicle; hybrid electric vehicle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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