Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Co-Firing of Palm Kernel Shell and Coal

Muhammad Aziz, Dwika Budianto and Takuya Oda
Additional contact information
Muhammad Aziz: Advanced Energy Systems for Sustainability, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
Dwika Budianto: Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Takuya Oda: Advanced Energy Systems for Sustainability, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan

Energies, 2016, vol. 9, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: The increasing global demand for palm oil and its products has led to a significant growth in palm plantations and palm oil production. Unfortunately, these bring serious environmental problems, largely because of the large amounts of waste material produced, including palm kernel shell (PKS). In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the PKS co-firing of a 300 MWe pulverized coal-fired power plant in terms of thermal behavior of the plant and the CO 2 , CO, O 2 , NO x , and SO x produced. Five different PKS mass fractions were evaluated: 0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50%. The results suggest that PKS co-firing is favorable in terms of both thermal behavior and exhaust gas emissions. A PKS mass fraction of 25% showed the best combustion characteristics in terms of temperature and the production of CO 2 , CO, and SO x . However, relatively large amounts of thermal NO x were produced by high temperature oxidation. Considering all these factors, PKS mass fractions of 10%–15% emerged as the most appropriate co-firing condition. The PKS supply capacity of the palm mills surrounding the power plants is a further parameter to be considered when setting the fuel mix.

Keywords: co-firing; palm kernel shell (PKS); coal; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); mass fraction; temperature; exhaust gases (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/3/137/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/3/137/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:3:p:137-:d:64612

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().