Understanding Needs Satisfaction and Frustration in Young Athletes: Factor Structure and Invariance Analysis

Diogo Monteiro, Luís Cid, Diogo S. Teixeira, Teresa Fonseca, Pedro Duarte-Mendes, Luís M. Silva and Filipe Rodrigues
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Diogo Monteiro: Sport Science Scholl of Rio Maior—Polytechnique Institute of Santarém (ESDRM—IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
Luís Cid: Sport Science Scholl of Rio Maior—Polytechnique Institute of Santarém (ESDRM—IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
Diogo S. Teixeira: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University (FEFD—ULHT), 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
Teresa Fonseca: Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG), 6300-035 Guarda, Portugal
Pedro Duarte-Mendes: Polytechnique Institute of Castelo-Branco (IPCB), 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Luís M. Silva: Kinesiolab, Piaget Institute, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal
Filipe Rodrigues: Sport Science Scholl of Rio Maior—Polytechnique Institute of Santarém (ESDRM—IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: Sports research has been focused on the assessment of basic needs satisfaction, considering its absence as a representation of needs frustration. However, recent findings have suggested needs satisfaction and frustration as asymmetrical factors leading to differentiated outcomes. An accurate measurement of needs poses itself as a crucial aspect, facilitating coaches’ understanding of athlete’s motivational processes. This study aimed to examine the psychometric proprieties of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in a sample of Portuguese athletes. A multigroup analysis was conducted of gender, sport type, age, and years of sports practice. Additionally, needs satisfaction and needs frustration were tested as predictors of behavioral regulations examining the nomological validity of the BPNSFS. Data from 594 Portuguese athletes (38.6% female; M age = 15.21; SD = 0.97) that represent two different sports (football and swimming) were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling procedures were followed to test the factor structure and nomological validity of the scale, respectively. Analyses indicated that the six-factor model provided an adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.947, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.936, Standardized Root Mean Square = 0.039, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.048 (CI 90% = 0.043, 0.054)). Moreover, the multigroup analysis suggested invariance in the observed structure across groups. In addition, findings indicated a strong prediction between needs satisfaction and autonomous forms of motivation, whereas needs frustration predicted significantly controlled forms of motivation. The sport-adapted BPNSFS in a sample of Portuguese athletes seemed to be an adequate measure for the assessment of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. Our findings suggested that this scale may be worth testing in future research in the sport context.

Keywords: self-determination theory; needs satisfaction; needs frustration; structural equation modeling; sport (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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