Interrogating and Reflecting on Disability Prevalence Data Collected Using the Washington Group Tools: Results from Population-Based Surveys in Cameroon, Guatemala, India, Maldives, Nepal, Turkey and Vanuatu

Islay Mactaggart, Ammar Hasan Bek, Lena Morgon Banks, Tess Bright, Carlos Dionicio, Shaffa Hameed, Shailes Neupane, Murthy Gvs, Ahmed Orucu, Joseph Oye, Jonathan Naber, Tom Shakespeare, Andrea Patterson, Sarah Polack and Hannah Kuper
Additional contact information
Islay Mactaggart: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Ammar Hasan Bek: Relief International, Istanbul 34087, Turkey
Lena Morgon Banks: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Tess Bright: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Carlos Dionicio: Center for Research in Indigenous Health, Wuqu’ Kawoq, Maya Health Alliance 2a Avenida 3-48 Zona 3, Barrio Patacabaj, Tecpán, Chimaltenango 4001, Guatemala
Shaffa Hameed: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Shailes Neupane: Valley Research Group, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
Murthy Gvs: Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad 122002, India
Ahmed Orucu: Mülteciler Derneği, Istanbul 34930, Turkey
Joseph Oye: Sightsavers Cameroon, Yaounde P.O. Box 4484, Cameroon
Jonathan Naber: Range of Motion Project, P.O. Box 100915, Denver, CO 80250, USA
Tom Shakespeare: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Andrea Patterson: Relief International, Istanbul 34087, Turkey
Sarah Polack: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Hannah Kuper: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-14

Abstract: The Washington Group (WG) tools capture self-reported functional limitations, ranging from 6 domains in the Short Set (SS) to 11 in the Extended Set (ESF). Prevalence estimates can vary considerably on account of differences between modules and the different applications of them. We compare prevalence estimates by WG module, threshold, application and domain to explore these nuances and consider whether alternative combinations of questions may be valuable in reduced sets. We conducted secondary analyses of seven population-based surveys (analyses restricted to adults 18+) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries that used the WG tools. The prevalence estimates using the SS standard threshold (a lot of difficulty or higher in one or more domain) varied between 3.2% (95% Confidence Interval 2.9–3.6) in Vanuatu to 14.1% (12.2–16.2) in Turkey. The prevalence was higher using the ESF than the SS, and much higher (5 to 10-fold) using a wider threshold of “some” or greater difficulty. Two of the SS domains (communication, self-care) identified few additional individuals with functional limitations. An alternative SS replacing these domains with the psychosocial domains of anxiety and depression would identify more participants with functional limitations for the same number of items. The WG tools are valuable for collecting harmonised population data on disability. It is important that the impact on prevalence of use of different modules, thresholds and applications is recognised. An alternative SS may capture a greater proportion of people with functional domains without increasing the number of items.

Keywords: disability measurement; population surveys; disability prevalence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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