Neighborhood Environment Associates with Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker

Nicole Farmer, Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta, Briana S. Turner, Valerie M. Mitchell, Billy S. Collins, Yvonne Baumer, Gwenyth R. Wallen and Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
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Nicole Farmer: Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta: Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Briana S. Turner: Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Valerie M. Mitchell: Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Billy S. Collins: Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Yvonne Baumer: Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Gwenyth R. Wallen: Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley: Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-15

Abstract: Background: Neighborhoods and the microbiome are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet investigations to identify microbiome-related factors at neighborhood levels have not been widely investigated. We sought to explore relationships between neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide. We hypothesized that inflammatory markers and dietary intake would be mediators of the relationship. Methods: African-American adults at risk for CVD living in the Washington, DC area were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study. US census-based neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) measures (at the census-tract level) were determined. Serum samples were analyzed for CVD risk factors, cytokines, and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Self-reported dietary intake based on food groups was collected. Results: Study participants ( n = 60) were predominantly female (93.3%), with a mean (SD) age of 60.83 (+/?10.52) years. Mean (SD) NDI was ?1.54 (2.94), and mean (SD) TMAO level was 4.99 (9.65) µmol/L. Adjusting for CVD risk factors and BMI, NDI was positively associated with TMAO (? = 0.31, p = 0.02). Using mediation analysis, the relationship between NDI and TMAO was significantly mediated by TNF-? (60.15%) and interleukin)-1 ? (IL; 49.96%). When controlling for clustering within neighborhoods, the NDI-TMAO association was no longer significant (? = 5.11, p = 0.11). However, the association between NDI and IL-1 ? (? = 0.04, p = 0.004) and TNF-? (? = 0.17, p = 0.003) remained. Neither NDI nor TMAO was significantly associated with daily dietary intake. Conclusion and Relevance: Among a small sample of African-American adults at risk for CVD, there was a significant positive relationship with NDI and TMAO mediated by inflammation. These hypothesis-generating results are initial and need to be confirmed in larger studies.

Keywords: neighborhood deprivation; trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO); cardiovascular disease; inflammation; cytokines (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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