Spatio-Temporal Variation and Its Driving Forces of Soil Organic Carbon along an Urban–Rural Gradient: A Case Study of Beijing

Bingrui Liu, Jiacheng Qian, Ran Zhao, Qijun Yang, Kening Wu (), Huafu Zhao, Zhe Feng and Jianhui Dong
Additional contact information
Bingrui Liu: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Jiacheng Qian: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Ran Zhao: College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
Qijun Yang: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Kening Wu: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Huafu Zhao: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Zhe Feng: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Jianhui Dong: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 22, 1-22

Abstract: Rapid urbanization has reshaped land cover and the ecological environment, potentially improving or deteriorating soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the response of SOC to urbanization has not yet been fully exploited. Herein, by using the land-use transfer matrix, the Sen & Mann–Kendall tests, the Hurst index, and a geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) model, as well as an urban–rural gradient perspective, we assessed the dynamic response of SOC to Beijing’s urbanization from 2001 to2015 and identified the main drivers. The results found that SOC stock decreased by 7651.50 t C during the study period. SOC density varied significantly along an urban–rural gradient, with high value areas mainly being located in remote mountainous rural areas and low value areas mainly being located in urban areas on the plains. There was an uneven variation in SOC density across the urban–rural gradient, with suburban areas (25–40 km away from urban cores) losing the most SOC density while urban areas and rural areas remained relatively unchanged. GTWR model revealed the spatio-temporal non-flat stability of various driving forces. Precipitation, the proportion of forest, the proportion of grassland, the population, distance to the urban center, the slope, and the silt content are the main factors related to SOC stock change. As a result, we suggest policy makers reconceptualize the uneven variation in the SOC between urban and rural areas, emphasize suburban areas as a target for controlling SOC loss, and take into consideration the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the factors influencing SOC stock when evaluating policies.

Keywords: soil organic carbon; land use; climate change; GTWR model; urban–rural gradient; Beijing city (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/22/15201/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/22/15201/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15201-:d:976117

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().