Mental Disorders and Level of Resilience in Eight High-Altitude Cities of Peru during the Second Pandemic Wave: A Multicenter Population-Based Study

J. Pierre Zila-Velasque, Pamela Grados-Espinoza, Naomi Coba-Villan, Jocelyn Quispe-Chamorro, Yesenia F. Taipe-Guillén, Estefany Pacheco, Laura Ccasa-Valero, Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas (), Cristian Díaz-Vélez and Mario J. Valladares-Garrido ()
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J. Pierre Zila-Velasque: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco 19001, Peru
Pamela Grados-Espinoza: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco 19001, Peru
Naomi Coba-Villan: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca 06001, Peru
Jocelyn Quispe-Chamorro: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Peru, Junin 12007, Peru
Yesenia F. Taipe-Guillén: Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho 05003, Peru
Estefany Pacheco: Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Continental, Junin 12000, Peru
Laura Ccasa-Valero: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru
Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas: Unidad de Generación y Síntesis de Evidencia, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
Cristian Díaz-Vélez: School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
Mario J. Valladares-Garrido: South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 20, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: COVID-19 has led us to take preventive measures, such as social isolation, to reduce the high transmissibility of the disease. This could have affected the mental health of various population groups and the development of resilience as a mitigator. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 700 participants from eight cities. The dependent variables were depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The independent variable was resilience. Generalized logistic regressions were used to identify the associations between the variables. The population consisted mostly of university students (65.0%); the rest of the population was distributed among workers of public or private institutions, housewives, and others (35.0%). High prevalences of anxiety (72.7%), depression (64.1%), and PTSD (15.1%) were found, as well as a median (interquartile range) resilience score of 24 points was determined. Factors associated with a high prevalence of PTSD were having lost employment and having a family member who died from COVID-19. For depression, associated factors were severe food insecurity and hypersomnia. For anxiety, associated factors were were having a deceased family member with COVID-19 and mild food insecurity. Our results show that, during the pandemic, the general population had a higher prevalence of mental disorders. In addition, anxiety was the most prevalent of the dependent variables. Special attention should be paid to the factors influencing the development of mental disorders and mental health prevention and promotion programs should be established.

Keywords: COVID-19; mental health; resilience; public health; altitude (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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