The Impact of Bank Specific and Macro-Economic Factors on Non-Performing Loans in the Banking Sector: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Shakeel Ahmed,
M. Ejaz Majeed,
Eleftherios Thalassinos and
Yannis Thalassinos
Additional contact information
Shakeel Ahmed: Department of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
M. Ejaz Majeed: Department of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Eleftherios Thalassinos: Faculty of Maritime and Industrial Studies, University of Piraeus, 185-33 Piraeus, Greece
Yannis Thalassinos: Gulf University of Technology and Sciences of Kuwait, Mubarak Al-Abdullah Area/West Mishref 40006, Kuwait
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: El I. Thalassinos (thalassinos@ersj.eu)
JRFM, 2021, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-14
Abstract:
The current study examines macro-economic and bank specific determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) for commercial banks from 2008–2018. The Pakistani banking sector has observed a significant increase in NPLs. In addition, the current study is undertaken to fill this gap in the literature as most of the prior studies focus on the developed markets. In the current study, we prefer the system GMM estimator. Its reliability depends on the validity of the instruments. To testing the second-order serial correlation, we apply the J test for testing the validity of the instruments and the Arellano–Bond AR (2) test. Using dynamic-GMM estimations, we find that credit growth, net interest margin, loan loss provision, and bank diversification significantly increase NPLs, while operating efficiency, bank size, and ROA lower NPLs. In addition, higher interest rates, exchange rates, and political risk significantly increase NPLs, while GDP growth decreases NPLs. This paper provides a timely insight to management and policy makers about the determinants of NPLs. The findings help management to take corrective actions and policy makers may take into consideration the significance of macro-economic conditions while formulating policy regarding NPLs. Likewise, the study provides insight to potential investors to consider the findings while selecting better investment opportunity. The current study is the first of its kind focusing on the link among bank specific, macroeconomic variables, and non-performing loans within the specific context of an emerging economy, Pakistan.
Keywords: bank specific and macroeconomic variables; non-performing loans; GMM model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C E F2 F3 G (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (13)
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