Constructing a Model of Government Purchasing of Ecological Services: Evidence from China’s Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park

Hongge Zhu, Yutong Zhang, Yaru Chen (), Menghan Zhao and Cao Bo
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Hongge Zhu: School of Economics and Management, Northeast Forest University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
Yutong Zhang: School of Economics and Management, Northeast Forest University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
Yaru Chen: Development Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China
Menghan Zhao: School of Economics and Management, Northeast Forest University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
Cao Bo: School of Economics and Management, Northeast Forest University, Heilongjiang 150040, China

Land, 2022, vol. 11, issue 10, 1-27

Abstract: The harmonious coexistence of man and nature is the primary goal of the establishment of national parks. Creating an ecological service supply model that takes into account the efficiency of ecological services, the fairness of residents’ livelihoods, and the reasonable distribution of rights and responsibilities is an important way of achieving that goal. China’s Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (NTLNP) is a typical national park with state-owned forest land as the main body. Before the establishment of the national park, state-owned forest enterprises (SOFEs) and local government forest departments (LGFDs) were always the undertakers of ecological services. Issues such as the distribution of rights and responsibilities between the NTLNP Administration, SOFEs, and LGFDs and the livelihood of forest workers need to be resolved urgently. This study takes the NTLNP as the study area and constructs a model of government purchasing of ecological services. The main results show the following: (1) The driving factors of the government purchasing of ecological services are increasing the workload of ecological services, the need for workforce transfer, and the optimization of subsidy standards. (2) In the construction of the responsibility system, the NTLNP Administration is the purchaser, SOFEs and Protection Stations are the undertakers, and groups such as third-party institutions and the public are the Supervisors and Evaluators. (3) Setting the purchase price in 2022 at CNY 47,654.44 per person while maintaining an average annual growth rate of 6.10% will match the per capita wage income level of urban workers nationwide in 2035. Based on the research results, it is proposed that payment for ecosystem services (PES) and ecological compensation (EC) have mature research paradigms in solving the problems of efficiency and fairness, but government purchasing of ecological services is a more appropriate policy tool in terms of arranging rights and responsibilities. This study attempts to construct a model of government purchasing of ecological services in order to provide a useful reference for national parks with state-owned land as the main body.

Keywords: Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (NTLNP); government purchasing of ecological services; payment for ecosystem services (PES); ecological compensation (EC); state-owned forest enterprises (SOFEs) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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