Determining the Cadmium Accumulation in Maize ( Zea mays L.) and Soil Influenced by Phosphoric Fertilizers in Two Different Textured Soils

Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Ashraf, Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza, Muhammad Amjad Bashir (), Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aon, Saba Ali, Sher Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Usman Khalid, Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza, Abdur Rehim and Zhenjie Du ()
Additional contact information
Muhammad Suleman: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Muhammad Ashraf: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza: Department of Soil Science, FAS&T, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Muhammad Amjad Bashir: College of Agriculture, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Shafeeq Ur Rahman: MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Muhammad Aon: Department of Soil Science, FAS&T, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Saba Ali: College of Agriculture, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Sher Muhammad Shahzad: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Muhammad Usman Khalid: In-Service Agricultural Training Institute, Rahimyar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza: Department of Soil Science, FAS&T, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Abdur Rehim: Department of Soil Science, FAS&T, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Zhenjie Du: Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China

Land, 2022, vol. 11, issue 8, 1-15

Abstract: Non-nutritive metals, especially cadmium (Cd), are present in P fertilizers; the long-term application of these P fertilizers leads to Cd build-up in the soil. The current study aims to evaluate the impacts of P sources and rates on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) and the bioavailability of Cd. Twelve treatments including rock phosphate 4 g kg −1 (RP1); 8 g kg −1 (RP2); 12 g kg −1 (RP3)); single super phosphate 333 mg kg −1 (SSP1); 444 mg kg −1 (SSP2); 555 mg kg −1 (SSP3); di-ammonium phosphate 130 mg kg −1 (DAP1); 174 mg kg −1 (DAP2); 218 mg kg −1 (DAP3); mono-ammonium phosphate 115 mg kg −1 (MAP1); 154 mg kg −1 (MAP2); 193 mg kg −1 (MAP3) in two soil textures (sandy and clayey) were assessed. Results revealed that all P sources significantly influenced the plant growth and yield characteristics of maize ( p ≤ 0.05). In both soil textures, P in soil and plant, plant growth and yield characteristics were maximized by MAP and DAP. Cadmium build-up in soil and uptake was also significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) affected by P sources, levels, and soil texture. It was observed that Cd build-up in soil and uptake by plants boosted with increasing P levels. Maximum Cd concentration in plant root and shoot was found with SSP3, and its concentration in soil increased with MAP3, whereas the concentration was higher in sandy texture. The study concludes that type of P fertilizer should be determined based on texture and human consumption of the crop to avoid Cd toxicity.

Keywords: phosphorus; cadmium; texture; maize; soil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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