Quantification of Amu River Riverbank Erosion in Balkh Province of Afghanistan during 2004–2020

Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada (), Divyesh Varade, Sawahiko Shimada, Hiromu Okazawa, Shafiqullah Aryan, Gulbuddin Gulab, Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa, Humaira Rizwana, Yogesh K. Ahlawat and Hosam O. Elansary
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Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada: Faculty of Engineering Geology and Mines, Jowzjan University, Jowzjan 1901, Afghanistan
Divyesh Varade: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Nagrota 181221, India
Sawahiko Shimada: Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
Hiromu Okazawa: Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
Shafiqullah Aryan: Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan
Gulbuddin Gulab: Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan
Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Humaira Rizwana: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Yogesh K. Ahlawat: Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
Hosam O. Elansary: Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 10, 1-15

Abstract: In this study, we propose quantifying the Amu River riverbank erosion with the modelled river discharge in Kaldar District, Balkh Province of Afghanistan from 2004 to 2020. We propose a framework synergizing multi-source information for modelling the erosion area based on three components: (1) river discharge, (2) river width, and (3) erosion area. The total river discharge for the watershed shared by Afghanistan and Tajikistan was modelled using hydrological parameters from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data through multivariate linear regression with ground station data. The river width was determined manually using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from Landsat data. The riverbank erosion area was derived from the digital shoreline analysis using the NDWI. The digital shoreline analysis showed that, between 2008 and 2020, the average riverbank erosion area in Kaldar District is about 5.4 km 2 per year, and, overall, 86.3 km 2 during 2004–2020 due to flood events. The significantly higher land loss events occurred at 10 km 2 bank erosion during the years 2008–2009 and 2015–2016, and 19 km 2 peak erosion occurred during 2011–2012. A linear relation between the erosion area with respect to the discharge intensity and the specific stream power was observed with an R 2 of 0.84 and RMSE of 1.761 for both.

Keywords: riverbank erosion; river discharge; NDWI; Landsat; ERA5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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