Effect of Locally Adapted Conservation Tillage on Runoff, Soil Erosion, and Agronomic Performance in Semiarid Rain-Fed Farming in Ethiopia

Laike Kebede, Melesse Temesgen, Abebe Fanta, Asfaw Kebede, Johan Rockström and Assefa M. Melesse ()
Additional contact information
Laike Kebede: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Adama P.O. Box 436, Ethiopia
Melesse Temesgen: Aybar Engineering PLC, Woreda 09 Gulele, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia
Abebe Fanta: Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
Asfaw Kebede: Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
Johan Rockström: Stockholm Resilience Center, Box 2142, 103 14 Stockholm, Sweden
Assefa M. Melesse: Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: An on-farm field experiment on a locally adapted conservation tillage method was undertaken to evaluate its effect on soil erosion, surface runoff, and agronomic parameters. It was conducted on five farmer fields with 3–14% slopes in the Rift Valley and the Eastern escarpment of Ethiopia’s central highlands region for two cropping seasons. The treatments were conventional tillage (CT), repeated ploughing performed with a traditional ox-drawn plough named ‘Maresha’, and minimized contour ploughing (MT) at most twice with a locally adapted sweep-like attachment assembled to Maresha. Surface runoff and soil loss in the MT system were 30 to 60% and 49 to 76% lower than those in the CT system on 3 to 14% slopes, respectively. Despite the wide variation in surface runoff, limited differences in soil water content for the depth from 0 to 20 cm were observed between the treatments. Significant differences ( p < 0.05) in grain yields (kg ha −1 ) of 246 and 323 in the 1st and 2nd growing seasons, respectively, were recorded between the MT and CT treatments. The results of this study demonstrated that the MT system can significantly reduce surface runoff and soil loss while improving crop yields in rainfed smallholder farming systems of Ethiopia.

Keywords: conventional tillage; minimized tillage; runoff; soil loss; soil moisture; crop yield; Berken Maresha (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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