Challenges and Adaptations for Resilient Rice Production under Changing Environments in Bangladesh

Md Roushon Jamal, Paul Kristiansen (), Md Jahangir Kabir and Lisa Lobry de Bruyn
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Md Roushon Jamal: School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
Paul Kristiansen: School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
Md Jahangir Kabir: UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
Lisa Lobry de Bruyn: School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 6, 1-21

Abstract: Rice-based food production is crucial for food security, socio-political stability, and economic development in Bangladesh. However, climate and environmental changes pose serious challenges to sustainable rice production in the country. This review paper critically reviews the status, challenges, and adaptation opportunities of Bangladeshi rice systems in changing environmental, demographic, and socio-economic settings. A mixed-methods approach (quantitative summary of secondary data on rice production, environmental changes, impact on rice productivity; and qualitative thematic synthesis) was used to review adaptation for resilient rice production. Significant agronomic and environmental challenges to rice-based cropping in Bangladesh are posed by rising temperatures, anomalous rainfall patterns, extreme weather, and increasing salinisation. Rice production, availability, and access have been further compromised by decreasing arable areas, labour shortages, crop diversification, and low profitability. Farmers are adapting through autonomous and centrally planned strategies such as efficient irrigation and input use, stress-tolerant cultivars, mechanisation, and income diversification. However, profitable and sustainable adaptation requires broader facilitation by the government (e.g., infrastructure, financial incentives) and agribusiness (e.g., extension services, contracting). This review paper recommends research and development support for efficient irrigation management and stress-tolerant cultivars, enabling policy initiatives, and equitable value chain participation. The insights of the review can be applied to policymakers to target policy design and decision-making for a sustainable rice system in years to come.

Keywords: food security; rice-based farming systems; autonomous adaptation; procurement policy; climate-smart technologies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:6:p:1217-:d:1169263

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