Study on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs and Synergies in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Based on Ecosystem Service Bundles

Hui Li (), Qing Xu, Huiyi Qiu, Jiaheng Du, Zhenzhou Xu, Longying Liu, Zixiu Zhao, Zixin Zhu and Yun He
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Hui Li: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Qing Xu: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Huiyi Qiu: Nanjing University Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Beijing 100176, China
Jiaheng Du: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Zhenzhou Xu: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Longying Liu: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Zixiu Zhao: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Zixin Zhu: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Yun He: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Land, 2024, vol. 13, issue 12, 1-27

Abstract: In-depth research on the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergistic relationships, scientific identification of ecosystem service bundles, and the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service bundle provisioning are crucial to enhancing the overall benefits of regional ecosystem services and human well-being. Based on the assessment of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area ecosystem service functional system, we combined the correlation analysis method, hierarchical clustering method, and principal component analysis to analyze the trade-offs/synergistic relationships of 11 indicators contained in four major ecosystem service categories of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and explored the study of ecosystem service bundle identification and clustering spatial differentiation. The results of this study showed the following: (1) Between 2000 and 2018, Regulating and Supporting services showed a decreasing trend while provisioning and cultural services showed an increasing trend. Human interference affected the spatial differentiation of ecosystem services provision; the provision of individual ecosystem services was more random, but the geospatial distribution showed a certain degree of regularity. (2) The intrinsic connection of ecosystem services is continuously strengthened, and the other four ecosystem services except industrial products in the provisioning services easily produce synergistic relationships with regulating and supporting services, while industrial products, leisure and recreation, scientific research and education, and other ecosystem services are more likely to produce a trade-off relationship between them. The correspondence among ecosystem service trade-offs, synergistic relationships, and cold/hot spots is not uniform due to spatial scales. (3) The method of combining socio-economic statistics and the InVEST model can identify similar ecosystem service bundle classifications, but there are differences in the performance of some of the roles at different study scales and in different study areas. (4) For complex urban-natural ecosystem services, the classified ecosystem service bundles have broad similarities. The development of high-density city clusters depends on the coordinated development of the population, resources, environment, society, and economy of each city in the region.

Keywords: ecosystem services; ecosystem service bundles; Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area; high-density city cluster; trade-offs and synergies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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