Forced Convection of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow over a Backward Facing Step with Simultaneous Effects of Using Double Rotating Cylinders and Inclined Magnetic Field

Lioua Kolsi, Fatih Selimefendigil, Lotfi Ben Said, Abdelhakim Mesloub and Faisal Alresheedi
Additional contact information
Lioua Kolsi: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
Fatih Selimefendigil: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
Lotfi Ben Said: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
Abdelhakim Mesloub: Architectural Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
Faisal Alresheedi: Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 23, 1-21

Abstract: The forced convection of non-Newtonian nanofluid for a backward-facing flow system was analyzed under the combined use of magnetic field and double rotating cylinders by using finite element method. The power law nanofluid type was used with different solid volume fractions of alumina at 20 nm in diameter. The effects of the Re number ( 100 ≤ Re ≤ 300 ), rotational Re number ( − 2500 ≤ Rew ≤ 3000 ), Ha number ( 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50 ), and magnetic field inclination ( 0 ≤ γ ≤ 90 ) on the convective heat transfer and flow features were numerically assessed. The non-Newtonian fluid power law index was taken between 0.8 and 1.2 while particle volume fractions up to 4% were considered. The presence of the rotating double cylinders made the flow field complicated where multiple recirculation regions were established near the step region. The impacts of the first (closer to the step) and second cylinders on the heat transfer behavior were different depending upon the direction of rotation. As the first cylinder rotated in the clockwise direction, the enhancement in the average heat transfer of 20% was achieved while it deteriorated by approximately 2% for counter-clockwise directional rotation. However, for the second cylinder, both the rotational direction resulted in heat transfer augmentation while the amounts were 14% and 18% at the highest speeds. Large vortices on the upper and lower channel walls behind the step were suppressed with magnetic field effects. The average Nu number generally increased with the higher strengths of the magnetic field and inclination. Up to 30% increment with strength was obtained while this amount was 44% with vertical orientation. Significant impacts of power law fluid index on the local and average Nu number were seen for an index of n = 1.2 as compared to the fluid with n = 0.8 and n = 1 while an average Nu number of 2.75 times was obtained for the flow system for fluid with n = 1.2 as compared to case for fluid with the n value of 0.8. Further improvements in the local and average heat transfer were achieved with using nanoparticles while at the highest particle amount, the enhancements of the average Nu number were 34%, 36% and 36.6% for the fluid with n values of 0.8, 1 and 1.2, respectively.

Keywords: power law fluid; backward-facing step; nanofluid; finite element method; rotating double cylinders; MHD (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/23/3002/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/23/3002/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:23:p:3002-:d:685959

Access Statistics for this article

Mathematics is currently edited by Ms. Emma He

More articles in Mathematics from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().