A Local Spatial STIRPAT Model for Outdoor NO x Concentrations in the Community of Madrid, Spain

José-María Montero, Gema Fernández-Avilés and Tiziana Laureti
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José-María Montero: Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economic and Business Statistics, and Economic Policy, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
Gema Fernández-Avilés: Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economic and Business Statistics, and Economic Policy, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
Tiziana Laureti: Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 6, 1-33

Abstract: Air pollution control is one of the main challenges facing modern societies. Consequently, the estimation of population, affluence, and technology impacts on air pollution concentrations (STIRPAT modeling) has become the cornerstone of environmental decision-making. Spatial effects are not usually included in STIRPAT modeling of air pollution. However, space matters: accounting for spatial dependencies significantly improves the accuracy of estimates and forecasts, especially (or only) when dealing with small information units rather than with large ones (countries, large regions, provinces in China, counties and states in the USA, etc.). The latter scale is typical in the literature on air pollution due to the difficulties in finding data on its drivers at a true local scale. Accordingly, this paper has a double objective. The first is the estimation of a spatial panel data STIRPAT model, with the spatial units being both very small and also highly autonomous, developed municipalities. The second is to examine whether an environmental Kuznets curve relationship exists between income per capita and NO x concentrations. A case study has been carried out in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain, at the municipal level.

Keywords: STIRPAT model; NO x concentrations; spatial dependencies; EKC; transport energy use; spatio-temporal kriging (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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