Collective Intelligence: An Emerging World in Open Innovation

JinHyo Joseph Yun, EuiSeob Jeong, Xiaofei Zhao, Sung Deuk Hahm and KyungHun Kim
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JinHyo Joseph Yun: Department of Open Innovation, Open Innovation Academy of SOItmC, Daegu Gyeongbuk Science and Technology Institute (DGIST), Daegu 429888, Korea
EuiSeob Jeong: Seoul Capital Area Branch, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Seoul 02456, Korea
Xiaofei Zhao: Department of Open Innovation, Open Innovation Academy of SOItmC, Daegu Gyeongbuk Science and Technology Institute (DGIST), Daegu 429888, Korea
Sung Deuk Hahm: Korea Research Institute of Presidency (KIPS), Seoul 06306, Korea
KyungHun Kim: Local Development Research Institute (LADI), Daegu 42768, Korea

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 16, 1-15

Abstract: Responding to the lack of empirical research on the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation in the fourth industrial revolution, we examined the relationship between collective intelligence and open innovation. Collective intelligence or crowd innovation not only produces creative ideas or inventions, but also moderates any firm to innovate inside-out, outside-in, or in a coupled manner. We asked the following research questions: Does collective intelligence (or crowd innovation) motivate open innovation? Is there any difference in the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation by industry? These research questions led to the following three hypotheses: (1) Collective intelligence increases the performance of a firm, (2) collective intelligence will moderate the effect of open innovation, and (3) differences exist between the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industry in these two effects. To empirically examine these three hypotheses, we analyzed the registered patents of these two industries from 2000 to 2014 over a 15-year period. These automotive and pharmaceutical patents were registered in the B60 category and the A61K category of the Korea Patent office, respectively. Collective intelligence was measured by co-invention. We found differences in the effects of collective intelligence on open innovation between the two industries. In the automotive industry, collective intelligence not only directly increased the performance, but also indirectly moderated the open innovation effect. However, this was not the case for the pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords: collective intelligence; open innovation; moderating effect; automotive industry; pharmaceutical industry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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