Biodiversity Impact of Green Roofs and Constructed Wetlands as Progressive Eco-Technologies in Urban Areas

Sonja Knapp, Sebastian Schmauck and Andreas Zehnsdorf
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Sonja Knapp: Current address: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
Sebastian Schmauck: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 143, 04277 Leipzig, Germany
Andreas Zehnsdorf: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 20, 1-26

Abstract: The total amount of sealed surfaces is increasing in many urban areas, which presents a challenge for sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants when extreme rainfall events occur. One promising solution approach is the application of decentralized eco-technologies for water management such as green roofs and constructed wetlands, which also have the potential to improve urban biodiversity. We review the effects of these two eco-technologies on species richness, abundance and other facets of biodiversity (e.g., functional diversity). We find that while green roofs support fewer species than ground-level habitats and thus are not a substitute for the latter, the increase in green roof structural diversity supports species richness. Species abundance benefits from improved roof conditions (e.g., increased substrate depth). Few studies have investigated the functional diversity of green roofs so far, but the typical traits of green roof species have been identified. The biodiversity of animals in constructed wetlands can be improved by applying animal-aided design rather than by solely considering engineering requirements. For example, flat and barrier-free shore areas, diverse vegetation, and heterogeneous surroundings increase the attractiveness of constructed wetlands for a range of animals. We suggest that by combining and making increasing use of these two eco-technologies in urban areas, biodiversity will benefit.

Keywords: biological diversity; climate adaptation; ecosystem services; green roofs; multifunctionality; resilience; stormwater management; urban development; urban green infrastructure; urban nature conservation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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