Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review

Munazzam Jawad Shahid, Ameena A. AL-surhanee, Fayza Kouadri, Shafaqat Ali, Neeha Nawaz, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Rizwan, Basharat Ali and Mona H. Soliman
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Munazzam Jawad Shahid: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Ameena A. AL-surhanee: Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
Fayza Kouadri: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, AL-Madina AL-Munawarah 344, Saudi Arabia
Shafaqat Ali: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Neeha Nawaz: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Afzal: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Rizwan: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Basharat Ali: Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Mona H. Soliman: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 14, 1-29

Abstract: This article provides useful information for understanding the specific role of microbes in the pollutant removal process in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). The current literature is collected and organized to provide an insight into the specific role of microbes toward plants and pollutants. Several aspects are discussed, such as important components of FTWs, common bacterial species, rhizospheric and endophytes bacteria, and their specific role in the pollutant removal process. The roots of plants release oxygen and exudates, which act as a substrate for microbial growth. The bacteria attach themselves to the roots and form biofilms to get nutrients from the plants. Along the plants, the microbial community also influences the performance of FTWs. The bacterial community contributes to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds. Plant–microbe interaction breaks down complex compounds into simple nutrients, mobilizes metal ions, and increases the uptake of pollutants by plants. The inoculation of the roots of plants with acclimatized microbes may improve the phytoremediation potential of FTWs. The bacteria also encourage plant growth and the bioavailability of toxic pollutants and can alleviate metal toxicity.

Keywords: floating treatment wetlands; water; plants; microbes; pollutants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:14:p:5559-:d:382698

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