A Mixture of Piper Leaves Extracts and Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Bio-Control of Blast Pathogen of Organic Bali Rice

Ni Luh Suriani, Dewa Ngurah Suprapta, Novizar Nazir, Ni Made Susun Parwanayoni, Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi, Desy Andya Dewi, Ni Wayan Sudatri, Ahmad Fudholi, R. Z. Sayyed, Asad Syed, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Ali H. Bahkali, Hesham Ali El Enshasy and Daniel Joe Dailin
Additional contact information
Ni Luh Suriani: Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta: Biopesticide Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Novizar Nazir: Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
Ni Made Susun Parwanayoni: Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi: Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Desy Andya Dewi: Biopesticide Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Ni Wayan Sudatri: Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
Ahmad Fudholi: Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43650, Malaysia
R. Z. Sayyed: Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India
Asad Syed: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdallah M. Elgorban: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ali H. Bahkali: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Hesham Ali El Enshasy: Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia
Daniel Joe Dailin: Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 20, 1-18

Abstract: Rice is a crop that is consumed as a staple food by the majority of the people in the world and therefore failure in rice crops, due to any reason, poses a severe threat of starvation. Rice blast, caused by a fungus Pyricularia oryzae , has been ranked among the most threatening plant diseases of rice and it is found wherever rice is grown. All of the rice blast disease management strategies employed so far have had limited success and rice blast has never been eliminated from rice fields. Hence, there is a need to look for the best remedy in terms of effectiveness, sustainability, and organic nature of the method. This study was aimed at determining the plant growth-promoting and fungicidal effects of a mixture of Piper caninum and Piper betle var. Nigra leaves extracts and rhizobacteria. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis of a mixture of leaves extracts of these plants revealed the presence of new bioactive compounds such as alpha.-gurjunene, gamma.-terpinene, and ethyl 5-formyl 3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl) in a mixture of leaves extracts of P. caninum and P. betle var. Nigra. The mixture of these extracts reduced the intensity of blast disease, inhibited P. oryzae , and improved the growth, yield, and quality of Bali rice. All treatments comprising of different concentrations of a mixture of leaves extracts of P. caninum and P. betle var. Nigra plus rhizobacteria exhibited biocontrol and bioefficacy. However, a 2% concentration of a mixture of these leaves extracts with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibited potent inhibition of growth of P. oryzae , a significant reduction in the intensity of blast disease, and a maximum increase in growth, yield, and quality of Bali rice. In the 15th week, the intensity of blast disease decreased from 80.18% to 7.90%. The mixture of leaves extract + PGPR also improved the height of the plant, the number of tillers, number of leaves, number of grains per panicle, number of heads per panicle, and the full-grain weight per clump. Applications of various concentrations of a mixture of leaves extracts + PGPR resulted in improvement in the potential yield of rice, however, the application of 2% extracts + PGPR gave the highest potential yield of 5.61 tha −1 compared to the low yields in the control and other treatments. The high grain yield observed with the treatment was caused by the low intensity of blast disease. This treatment also strengthened the stem and prevented the drooping of the plant and improved the quality of rice grain.

Keywords: bioactive substances; botanical fungicides; biocontrol; Pyricularia oryzae; PGPR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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