Increasing Efficiency of Field Water Re-Injection during Water-Flooding in Mature Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: A Case Study from the Sava Depression, Northern Croatia

Tomislav Malvić, Josip Ivšinović, Josipa Velić, Jasenka Sremac and Uroš Barudžija
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Tomislav Malvić: Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Josip Ivšinović: INA-Plc., HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Josipa Velić: Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Jasenka Sremac: Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Uroš Barudžija: Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 3, 1-13

Abstract: The authors analyse the process of water re-injection in the hydrocarbon reservoirs/fields in the Upper Miocene sandstone reservoirs, located in the western part of the Sava Depression (Croatia). Namely, this is the “A” field with “L” reservoir that currently produces hydrocarbons using a secondary recovery method, i.e., water injection (in fact, re-injection of the field waters). Three regional reservoir variables were analysed: Porosity, permeability and injected water volumes. The quantity of data was small for porosity reservoir “L” and included 25 points; for permeability and injected volumes of water, 10 points each were measured. This study defined selection of mapping algorithms among methods designed for small datasets (fewer than 20 points). Namely, those are inverse distance weighting and nearest and natural neighbourhood. Results were tested using cross-validation and isoline shape recognition, and the inverse distance weighting method is described as the most appropriate approach for mapping permeability and injected volumes in reservoir “L”. Obtained maps made possible the application of the modified geological probability calculation as a tool for prediction of success for future injection (with probability of 0.56). Consequently, it was possible to plan future injection more efficiently, with smaller injected volumes and higher hydrocarbon recovery. Prevention of useless injection, decreasing number of injection wells, saving energy and funds invested in such processes lead to lower environmental impact during the hydrocarbon production.

Keywords: water injection; efficiency; sandstones; Neogene; Croatia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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