Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Data Centers via Energy Mix, Energy Conservation, and Circular Energy

Matteo Manganelli, Alessandro Soldati, Luigi Martirano and Seeram Ramakrishna
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Matteo Manganelli: Department of Astronautical, Electrical & Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Alessandro Soldati: Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Luigi Martirano: Department of Astronautical, Electrical & Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Seeram Ramakrishna: Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 11, 1-25

Abstract: Information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly permeating our daily life and we ever more commit our data to the cloud. Events like the COVID-19 pandemic put an exceptional burden upon ICT. This involves increasing implementation and use of data centers, which increased energy use and environmental impact. The scope of this work is to summarize the present situation on data centers as to environmental impact and opportunities for improvement. First, we introduce the topic, presenting estimated energy use and emissions. Then, we review proposed strategies for energy efficiency and conservation in data centers. Energy uses pertain to power distribution, ICT, and non-ICT equipment (e.g., cooling). Existing and prospected strategies and initiatives in these sectors are identified. Among key elements are innovative cooling techniques, natural resources, automation, low-power electronics, and equipment with extended thermal limits. Research perspectives are identified and estimates of improvement opportunities are mentioned. Finally, we present an overview on existing metrics, regulatory framework, and bodies concerned.

Keywords: data center; green data center; sustainability; energy efficiency; energy saving; ICT (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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