Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut

Giuliano Bonanomi, Mohamed Idbella and Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
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Giuliano Bonanomi: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Mohamed Idbella: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad: Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 14, 1-16

Abstract: Both soil and the human gut support vast microbial biodiversity, in which the microbiota plays critical roles in regulating harmful organisms. However, the functional link between microbiota taxonomic compositions and disease suppression has not been explained yet. Here, we provide an overview of pathogen regulation in soil and mammals gut, highlighting the differences and the similarities between the two systems. First, we provide a review of the ecological mechanisms underlying the regulation of soil and pathogens, as well as the link between disease suppression and soil health. Particular emphasis is thus given to clarifying how soil and the gut microbiota are associated with organic amendment and the human diet, respectively. Moreover, we provide several insights into the importance of organic amendment and diet composition in shaping beneficial microbiota as an efficient way to support crop productivity and human health. This review also discusses novel ways to functionally characterize organic amendments and the proper operational combining of such materials with beneficial microbes for stirring suppressive microbiota against pathogens. Furthermore, specific examples are given to describe how agricultural management practices, including the use of antibiotics and fumigants, hinder disease suppression by disrupting microbiota structure, and the potentiality of entire microbiome transplant. We conclude by discussing general strategies to promote soil microbiota biodiversity, the connection with plant yield and health, and their possible integration through a “One Health” framework.

Keywords: antibiotics; biochar; compost; diet; soil fumigation; organic amendments; beneficial microbes; soil-borne pathogens; microbiota transplant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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