Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines

Michał Wojcieszyk, Lotta Knuutila, Yuri Kroyan, Mário de Pinto Balsemão, Rupali Tripathi, Juha Keskivali, Anna Karvo, Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio, Otto Blomstedt and Martti Larmi
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Michał Wojcieszyk: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Lotta Knuutila: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Yuri Kroyan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Mário de Pinto Balsemão: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Rupali Tripathi: Neste Corporation, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Juha Keskivali: Neste Corporation, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Anna Karvo: Neste Corporation, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Otto Blomstedt: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Martti Larmi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 16, 1-19

Abstract: Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: Anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyzing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) and two binary blends (15% anisole with fossil gasoline and 30% isobutanol with fossil gasoline), were tested, focusing on their drop-in applicability in spark ignition (SI) engines. The formulated liquid fuels performed well and showed the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.4% on average. Measured unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were increased on average by 12–29% and 17–51%, respectively. However, HC and CO concentrations and exhaust temperatures were at acceptable levels for proper catalyst operation. The studied blends were estimated to bring 11–22% of WTW GHG emission reductions compared to base gasoline. Additionally, the fleet performance and benefits of flexi-fuel vehicles (FFV) were modeled for ternary blends.

Keywords: anisole; isobutanol; renewable gasoline; fuel blends; spark ignition engine performance; emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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