Energy Management System in Microgrids: A Comprehensive Review

Younes Zahraoui, Ibrahim Alhamrouni, Saad Mekhilef, M. Reyasudin Basir Khan, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Alex Stojcevski and Ben Horan
Additional contact information
Younes Zahraoui: British Malaysian Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
Ibrahim Alhamrouni: British Malaysian Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
Saad Mekhilef: School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
M. Reyasudin Basir Khan: School of Engineering, Manipal International University, No. 1, Persiaran MIU, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian: School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Alex Stojcevski: School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Ben Horan: School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 19, 1-33

Abstract: As promising solutions to various social and environmental issues, the generation and integration of renewable energy (RE) into microgrids (MGs) has recently increased due to the rapidly growing consumption of electric power. However, such integration can affect the stability and security of power systems due to its complexity and intermittency. Therefore, an optimal control approach is essential to ensure the efficiency, reliability, and quality of the delivered power. In addition, effective planning of policies for integrating MGs can help promote MG operations. However, outages may render these strategies inefficient and place the power system at risk. MGs are considered an ideal candidate for distributed power systems, given their capability to restore these systems rapidly after a physical or cyber-attack and create reliable protection systems. The energy management system (EMS) in an MG can operate controllable distributed energy resources and loads in real-time to generate a suitable short-term schedule for achieving some objectives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of MG elements, the different RE resources that comprise a hybrid system, and the various types of control, operating strategies, and goals in an EMS. A detailed explanation of the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of MGs is also presented. This paper aims to contribute to the policies and regulations adopted by certain countries, their protection schemes, transactive markets, and load restoration in MGs.

Keywords: microgrid; energy management system; restoration; power quality; policy market (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (15)

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