Optimal Load Frequency Control of Island Microgrids via a PID Controller in the Presence of Wind Turbine and PV

Reza Alayi, Farhad Zishan, Seyed Reza Seyednouri, Ravinder Kumar, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi and Mohsen Sharifpur
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Reza Alayi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Germi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Germi 5651763764, Iran
Farhad Zishan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology (SUT), Tabriz 5513351996, Iran
Seyed Reza Seyednouri: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Germi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Germi 5651763764, Iran
Ravinder Kumar: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran
Mohsen Sharifpur: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 19, 1-14

Abstract: This article studied the load frequency control (LFC) of a multi-source microgrid with the presence of renewable energy sources. To maintain a sustainable power supply, the frequency of the system must be kept constant. A Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller is presented as a secondary controller to control the frequency of the microgrid in island mode, and the integral of squared time multiplied by error squared (ISTES) is used as a performance index. The use of the Craziness-Based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO), which is an improved version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), improves the convergence speed in optimizing the nonlinear problem of load and frequency controller design. The test microgrid is composed of the load and distributed generation units such as diesel generators, photovoltaics and wind turbines. The proposed controller provided the desired response to adjusting the microgrid frequency, achieving the final response after a short time and making it more stable and less oscillatory compared with the conventional system.

Keywords: LFC; PID controller; CRPSO; renewable energy sources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (14)

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