Cultural Sets Shape Adult Conceptualizations and Relationships to Nature

Linda Powers Tomasso, Jose Guillermo Cedeño Laurent, Jarvis T. Chen, Paul J. Catalano and John D. Spengler
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Linda Powers Tomasso: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Jose Guillermo Cedeño Laurent: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Jarvis T. Chen: Population Health Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Paul J. Catalano: Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
John D. Spengler: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 20, 1-21

Abstract: The variability of nature and the nature construct have complicated interpretations of empirical evidence from nature-based health studies. The challenge of defining nature exposure for purposes of methodological standardization may encompass constructs beyond vegetated landcover. This study offers a new construct for defining ‘nature exposure’ that considers cultural sets and nature familiarity. Focus group discussions across the United States (N = 126) explored the concept of what constitutes the relationship to nature. The participant diversity included regions, cultural demographics, cumulative nature experience, and everyday nature exposure. Mixed methods of semi-structured discussion and a photo exercise that prompted nature connectedness allowed for data triangulation and the detection of contradictions between approaches. Individuals conceptualized nature in ways reflecting highly personal and differentiated experiences, which defied consensus toward a single nature construct. The group scoring of photo imagery showed consistent high and low levels of nature connectedness with respect to wildness and outdoor urban venues, respectively, but diverged in the assessment of nature within the built environment. Everyday nature exposure significantly differentiated how groups conceptualized and related to nature imagery. This result may indicate an unmet biophilic need among groups with low backgrounds of nature exposure. The contrasts between the discussion content and the observed reactions to nature imagery showed the value of using mixed methods in qualitative research.

Keywords: nature–health relationships; human–nature experience; urban nature; biophilia; nature exposure; focus group discussions; qualitative; photo research (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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