Renewable Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions—Testing Nonlinearity for Highly Carbon Emitting Countries

Sultan Salem, Noman Arshed, Ahsan Anwar, Mubasher Iqbal and Nyla Sattar
Additional contact information
Sultan Salem: Department of Economics, Birmingham Business School, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Ahsan Anwar: Department of Economics, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
Mubasher Iqbal: Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab 54770, Pakistan
Nyla Sattar: Department of Economics, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore 54700, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 21, 1-17

Abstract: An increase in energy consumption indicates increased economic activity; whether it leads to prosperity depends on the sustainability and stability of the energy source. This study has selected the top ten highly carbon emitting countries to assess renewable energy consumption dynamics for 1991 to 2018. The development of renewable energy ventures is not an overnight transformation. Further, it also entails an infrastructure development gestation which may increase CO 2 emissions for the short term. To assess this non-linear pattern with CO 2 and its heterogeneities, renewable energy consumption and its three types (Wind, Solar and Hydropower) are used. The empirical results estimated with a pooled mean group (PMG) method indicate that renewable energy consumption and hydropower follows inverted U-shaped behavior, with wind and solar energy consumption behavior also U-shaped. Forest area and patents are responsible for carbon remissions, while economic growth is responsible for increasing carbon emissions in sampled countries.

Keywords: environmental quality; energy sustainability; Panel ARDL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (18)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11930/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11930/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11930-:d:667245

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().