A Review of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Agricultural Water: Are PES from the Operation of Agricultural Water Control Structures Ubiquitous?

Emmanuel Okiria, Muhamad Khoiru Zaki and Keigo Noda
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Emmanuel Okiria: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Muhamad Khoiru Zaki: Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Keigo Noda: Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 22, 1-12

Abstract: This paper reviews the consideration of the operation of agricultural water control structures (AWCSs) as sources of bundles of ecosystem services (ESs) and the subsequent design of payment for ecosystem service (PES) programs around these ESs. It is thought that PES schemes for AWCSs can complement irrigation service fees (ISFs) in funding the operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes. Case studies from Japan, the United States of America and Tanzania, representing a variety of socio-economic, geographic and climatic conditions, are discussed. In countries where the PES programs had legal backing, they showed evidence of sustainability and success. The measurement of marginal ESs flows from AWCSs proved to be one of the challenges to PES programs. There is a need to improve the measurement and modelling of hydro-meteorological and water quality parameters to ensure the transparency and success of the programs. In general, there was a realisation that ESs flow from irrigated agriculture, but there was no systematic design of PES programs around these ESs flows. An opportunity is seen to complement ISF through the design of PES programs around ES flows from the operation of AWCSs.

Keywords: agricultural water control structures; ecosystem service; irrigation and drainage scheme; payment for ecosystem service; valuing water (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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