Application of Entrepreneurial Intention Model in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research: A Cross-Cultural Study of India and Saudi Arabia

Najmul Hoda, Naim Ahmad, Shankar Lal Gupta, Mohammad Mahtab Alam and Irfan Ahmad
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Najmul Hoda: Department of Business Administration, College of Business, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Naim Ahmad: Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
Shankar Lal Gupta: Faculty of Management, Birla Institute of Technology, Noida 201301, India
Mohammad Mahtab Alam: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
Irfan Ahmad: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 23, 1-23

Abstract: The development of entrepreneurial activities helps in realization of multiple goals of sustainable development. This study aims to inspect the applicability of the entrepreneurial intention model (EIM) to explain entrepreneurial intention in different cultural contexts. A survey was conducted using the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire. Based on 535 valid responses received from business students in India (N = 285) and Saudi Arabia (N = 250), the model was analyzed using the partial least square regression method. The results show that the EIM is validated for the combined sample (R 2 combined = 0.522) as well as for the individual samples (R 2 India = 0.644; R 2 Saudi = 0.412). Demographic variables and human capital variables were found to impact the entrepreneurial intention differently in the combined sample and the individual samples of the two countries. Multigroup analysis was performed to test if the country variable influences the hypothesized paths in the model. The results of the multigroup analysis show that many of the hypothesized relationships (gender-personal attitude; gender-subjective norm; gender-perceived behavioral control, role model-subjective norm, role model-perceived behavioral control, subjective norm-personal attitude, and subjective norm-entrepreneurial intention) are significantly different in the two countries. This study addresses the gap in comparative international entrepreneurship (CIE) research by testing the applicability of EIM in two different cultures. The findings are also significant for policymakers at both national and international levels for facilitating entrepreneurship.

Keywords: entrepreneurial intention; Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); Entrepreneurial Intention Model (EIM); entrepreneurial intention questionnaire; comparative international entrepreneurship (CIE) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13369-:d:693769

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