Spatiotemporal Land-Use Dynamics in Continental Portugal 1995–2018

André Alves (), Filipe Marcelino, Eduardo Gomes, Jorge Rocha and Mário Caetano
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André Alves: Directorate-General for Territory, 1099-052 Lisbon, Portugal
Filipe Marcelino: Directorate-General for Territory, 1099-052 Lisbon, Portugal
Eduardo Gomes: Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal
Jorge Rocha: Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal
Mário Caetano: Directorate-General for Territory, 1099-052 Lisbon, Portugal

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 23, 1-29

Abstract: Monitoring land-use patterns and its trends provides useful information for impact evaluation and policy design. The latest in-depth studies of land-use dynamics for continental Portugal are outdated, and have not examined how municipalities may be classified into a typology of observed dynamics or considered the trajectory profiles of land-use transitions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of land-use in continental Portugal from 1995 to 2018. Our multi-scalar approach used land-use maps in geographic information systems with the following objectives: (i) quantify variations of land-use classes, (ii) assess the transitions between uses, and (iii) derive a municipal typology of land-use dynamics. The methodology employed involved calculating statistical indicators of land-use classes, transition matrices between uses and combinatorial analysis for the most common trajectory-profiles. For the typology, a principal component analysis was used for dimensionality reduction and the respective components were classified by testing several clustering techniques. Results showed that the land-use transitions were not homogeneous in space or time, leading to the growth of territorial asymmetries. Forest (Δ5%), water bodies (Δ28%) and artificial surfaces (Δ35%) had a greater expansion, as opposed to agricultural areas, which had the biggest decline (Δ-8%). Despite the decline of agricultural activities, olive-grove expansion (Δ7%) was a relevant dynamic, and in the case of forests, the increment of eucalyptus (Δ34%) replaced native species such as the maritime pine (Δ-20%). A land-use-dynamics typology was estimated, dividing continental Portugal into 11 clusters, which is informative for sectoral policies and spatial planning, as zonings in need of interventions tailored to their specificities. The findings are a contribution to the study of land-use dynamics in continental Portugal, presenting various challenges for sustainable land uses with regard to the urban system, forest management, food production, soil preservation, and ecosystem protection.

Keywords: land-use dynamics; land-use transition; sustainability; typology; geographic information systems; Portugal (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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