A Review of Load Frequency Control Schemes Deployed for Wind-Integrated Power Systems

Rafiq Asghar, Francesco Riganti Fulginei (), Hamid Wadood and Sarmad Saeed
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Rafiq Asghar: Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
Francesco Riganti Fulginei: Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
Hamid Wadood: Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Sarmad Saeed: Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-29

Abstract: Load frequency control (LFC) has recently gained importance due to the increasing integration of wind energy in contemporary power systems. Hence, several power system models, control techniques, and controllers have been developed to improve the efficiency, resilience, flexibility, and economic feasibility of LFC. Critical factors, such as energy systems, resources, optimization approaches, resilience, and transient stability have been studied to demonstrate the uniqueness of the proposed design. This paper examines the most recent advances in LFC techniques for wind-based power systems. Moreover, the use of classical, artificial intelligence, model predictive control, sliding mode control, cascade controllers, and other newly designed and adopted controllers in the LFC area is thoroughly examined. Statistical analysis and a comparison table are used to evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various controllers. Finally, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary and other widely used soft computing tools for the LFC issue. This detailed literature review will assist researchers in overcoming the gap between current progress, application, limitations, and future developments of wind energy in LFC.

Keywords: load frequency control; wind energy; power system models; advanced controllers; soft computing tools (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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