Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy

Md Sumon Reza, Juntakan Taweekun (), Shammya Afroze, Shohel Ahmed Siddique, Md. Shahinoor Islam (), Chongqing Wang () and Abul K. Azad
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Md Sumon Reza: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
Juntakan Taweekun: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90112, Thailand
Shammya Afroze: Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Shohel Ahmed Siddique: School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
Md. Shahinoor Islam: Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Chongqing Wang: Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Abul K. Azad: Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-18

Abstract: Energy consumption is rising dramatically at the price of depleting fossil fuel supplies and rising greenhouse gas emissions. To resolve this crisis, barley waste, which is hazardous for the environment and landfill, was studied through thermochemical characterization and pyrolysis to use it as a feedstock as a source of renewable energy. According to proximate analysis, the concentrations of ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and moisture were 5.43%, 73.41%, 18.15%, and 3.01%, consecutively. The ultimate analysis revealed that the composition included an acceptable H/C, O/C, and (N+O)/C atomic ratio, with the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen amounts being 46.04%, 6.84%, 3.895%, and 0.91%, respectively. The higher and lower heating values of 20.06 MJ/kg and 18.44 MJ/kg correspondingly demonstrate the appropriateness and promise for the generation of biofuel effectively. The results of the morphological study of biomass are promising for renewable energy sources. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the main link between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was discovered, which is also important for bioenergy production. The maximum degradation rate was found by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry to be 4.27% per minute for pyrolysis conditions at a temperature of 366 °C and 5.41% per minute for combustion conditions at a temperature of 298 °C. The maximum yields of biochar (38.57%), bio-oil (36.79%), and syngas (40.14%) in the pyrolysis procedure were obtained at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. With the basic characterization and pyrolysis yields of the raw materials, it can be concluded that barley waste can be a valuable source of renewable energy. Further analysis of the pyrolyzed products is recommended to apply in the specific energy fields.

Keywords: barley waste; ultimate/proximate analysis; HHV/NCV; TGA/DTG; pyrolysis yield (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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