Techno-Economic and Environmental Study of Optimum Hybrid Renewable Systems, including PV/Wind/Gen/Battery, with Various Components to Find the Best Renewable Combination for Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Aoqi Xu, Lilik Jamilatul Awalin (), Ameer Al-Khaykan, Habib Forootan Fard (), Ibrahim Alhamrouni and Mohamed Salem
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Aoqi Xu: School of Economics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
Lilik Jamilatul Awalin: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
Ameer Al-Khaykan: Intelligent Medical Systems Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Babil, Iraq
Habib Forootan Fard: Department of Renewable Energies, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439956191, Iran
Ibrahim Alhamrouni: British Malaysian Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
Mohamed Salem: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: Nowadays, hybrid renewable systems can be the best solution for meeting electricity demand, especially where grid extension and environmental issues are important. This study aimed to find the best combination of the typical components used in East Java, Indonesia. In this regard, four types of photovoltaic (PV) panels, four types of wind turbines, and two types of batteries were selected, and the HOMER software simulated all possible combinations of the systems, including 32 scenarios (Sen). Then, considering the most important 15 parameters, such as pollutant emissions and economic values, the results were analyzed and sorted by the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method to find the best scenario for the case-study region. The results showed that SunPower E20-327 as PV, Eocycle EO10 10 kW as wind turbine, and Generic 1 kWh Li-Ion as the battery could be the best selection to design a hybrid renewable system for the case-study region since it can fulfill both economic and environmental needs. The cost of energy (COE) of the best-designed system and net present cost (NPC) are 0.24 ($/kWh) and 1.64 million $, respectively, where the renewable fraction (RF) is 55.1% and the scaled annual average load is 1126 kWh/day. The results of the sensitivity analysis on the best scenario’s parameters (where the capital cost of PV, battery, and wind turbine changes from 0.6 to 1.2, from 0.7 to 1.2, and from 0.7 to 1.4 of the current price, and diesel price from 0.5 to 1.1 ($/L)) showed that the RF, COE, and NPC values ranged between 51% to 93%, 0.2 to 0.3 ($/kWh), and 1.4 to 2.1 (million $), respectively.

Keywords: hybrid; renewable; TOPSIS; solar; wind; energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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