Renewable Energy in Indonesia: Current Status, Potential, and Future Development

Nugroho Agung Pambudi (), Ridho Alfan Firdaus, Reza Rizkiana, Desita Kamila Ulfa, Muntasy Syahrul Salsabila, Suharno and Sukatiman
Additional contact information
Nugroho Agung Pambudi: Energy and Society Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Ridho Alfan Firdaus: Energy and Society Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Reza Rizkiana: Energy and Society Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Desita Kamila Ulfa: Energy and Society Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Muntasy Syahrul Salsabila: Energy and Society Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Suharno: Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Sukatiman: Civil Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-29

Abstract: The current use of fossil fuels has a significant impact on increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Subsequently, renewable energy is significantly needed to reduce GHG, thereby limiting the impact of extreme weather and climate while ensuring reliable, timely, and cost-effective supply. As a big country with a huge amount natural resource, the demand for renewable energy in Indonesia has increased along with the rise in consumption. Following this, energy consumption increased by 0.99%, which was approximately 939.100 million BOE in 2021 for biogas, oil, electricity, natural gas, coal, LPG, biodiesel, and biomass. Energy consumption in several sectors including transportation has the largest energy consumption with approximately 45.76% of oil. In industries and households sector, the consumption rates are 31.11% for boiler steam generation purposes and 16.89% for electricity as well as LPG. Furthermore, the commercial sector consumes 4.97% of energy for lighting and air conditioning, while the remaining 1.27% is used for other sectors. Meanwhile, Indonesia has high potential for renewable energy at 419 GW including 75 GW of hydro energy, 23.7 GW of geothermal, 32.6 GW of bioenergy, 207.8 GW of solar, 60.6 GW of wind, and 19.3 GW of micro-hydro. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the current status, prospects, and information on Indonesia’s renewable and sustainable energy sources. Furthermore, the novelty of this research entails updating the latest data related to renewable energy and its availability in Indonesia. The essence is to portray a picture of its potential development in the future.

Keywords: carbon emission; energy consumption; potential energy; renewable energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/2342/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/2342/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:2342-:d:1048508

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().