Causes of Higher Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Does Energy Consumption Contribute? Evidence from the Non-Linear ARDL Model

Nabila Asghar, Muhammad Asif Amjad, Hafeez ur Rehman, Mubbasher Munir () and Reda Alhajj ()
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Nabila Asghar: Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
Muhammad Asif Amjad: Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
Hafeez ur Rehman: Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
Mubbasher Munir: Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
Reda Alhajj: School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-12

Abstract: The impact of human activities on environmental degradation has been increasing over time, and ecological footprint measures the impact of human activities on the environment. An increase in ecological footprint has created alarming situations around the globe. This study explores the causes of Pakistan’s high ecological footprint (EFP). The asymmetric analysis of fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption on EFP has been carried out from 1990 to 2020. The results obtained from the NARDL approach revealed that the positive shocks of fossil fuel consumption increase EFP, but its negative shocks decline EFP. Meanwhile, both positive and negative shocks of renewable energy consumption decline EFP in Pakistan. This study suggests that renewable energy consumption can play a significant role in reducing the EFP in Pakistan.

Keywords: ecological footprint; fossil fuels energy; renewable energy; climate change; NARDL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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