Adaptive Equivalent Fuel Consumption Minimization Based Energy Management Strategy for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

Dongwei Yao (), Xinwei Lu, Xiangyun Chao, Yongguang Zhang, Junhao Shen, Fanlong Zeng, Ziyan Zhang and Feng Wu
Additional contact information
Dongwei Yao: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Xinwei Lu: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Xiangyun Chao: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Yongguang Zhang: Hangzhou DV Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310023, China
Junhao Shen: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Fanlong Zeng: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Ziyan Zhang: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Feng Wu: College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 5, 1-18

Abstract: Unlike battery electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles have one more energy source, so a reasonable energy management strategy (EMS) is crucial to the fuel economy of the vehicles. In this paper, an adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS)-based energy management strategy is proposed for the extended-range electric vehicle. The equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), which utilizes Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP), is introduced to design the EMS. Compared with other ECMS strategies, an adaptive equivalent factor algorithm, based on state of charge (SOC) feedback and a proportional–integral (PI) controller is designed to update the equivalent factor under different working conditions. Additionally, a start–stop penalty is added to the objective function to take the dynamic start–stop process of the range extender into account. As a result, under the WLTC driving cycle, the proposed strategy can achieve 6.78 L/100 km comprehensive fuel consumption, saving 6.2% and 3.4% fuel consumption compared with the conventional rule-based thermostat strategy and the power following strategy. Moreover, the proposed EMS achieves the lowest ampere-hour flux among the three EMSs, indicating its ability to improve battery life.

Keywords: extended-range electric vehicle; energy management strategy; ECMS; adaptive control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4607/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4607/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4607-:d:1087815

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().