Vietnam’s Water Resources: Current Status, Challenges, and Security Perspective

Quy-Nhan Pham (), Ngoc-Ha Nguyen, Thi-Thoang Ta and Thanh-Le Tran
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Quy-Nhan Pham: Faculty of Water Resources, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Ngoc-Ha Nguyen: National Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Thi-Thoang Ta: Faculty of Water Resources, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Thanh-Le Tran: Faculty of Water Resources, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-25

Abstract: The current status of the exploitation, use, and management of water resources in the context of socioeconomic development, climate change, and issues related to the region are causing negative impacts on the water resources of Vietnam. This study aimed to develop a framework for assessing Vietnam’s water security based on the following key aspects: (i) the availability of water resources; (ii) the current status of water exploitation and use; (iii) the current status of waste water and water pollution; (iv) water resource management organization; and (v) water-related disasters, including floods, droughts, subsidence, coastal erosion, landslides, ecological imbalance, and diseases related to water resources. In particular, the challenges of transboundary water resources and the food–energy–water nexus were investigated. We reviewed the assessment frameworks that have recently been developed outside Vietnam or regions with similar climates and analyzed the characteristics of downstream and rapid-growth countries such as Vietnam using a number of key water resource indicators, both qualitative and quantitative. From these processes, we developed an assessment framework and provided a perspective on water security. The results of this study showed that the challenge of transboundary water resources, the impact of climate change, the pressure on socioeconomic development, and the water–energy–food nexus are core issues that need to be addressed from the perspective of water security in Vietnam. This case study may be helpful for downstream and developing countries.

Keywords: water security; water resources availability; water demand; climate change; transboundary water; integrated water resources management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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