Coherence Analysis of National Maritime Policy of Pakistan across Shipping Sector Governance Framework in the Context of Sustainability

Bushra Aslam, Kanwar Muhammad Javed Iqbal (), Nadia Akhtar, Angela Bahauovna Mottaeva, Turutina Tatyana Fedorovna, Sergey Barykin and Muhammad Irfan Khan
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Bushra Aslam: Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Kanwar Muhammad Javed Iqbal: National Institute of Maritime Affairs, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Nadia Akhtar: Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Angela Bahauovna Mottaeva: Department of Management and Innovations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 125167 Moscow, Russia
Turutina Tatyana Fedorovna: Department of Engineering Graphics and Computer Modeling, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 129337 Moscow, Russia
Sergey Barykin: Graduate School of Service and Trade, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
Muhammad Irfan Khan: Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-23

Abstract: Sustainable maritime development needs coherent governance, particularly for the shipping sector, to ensure a stable maritime economy. However, maritime governance in Pakistan is considered inadequate and incoherent and thus poses a serious challenge to sustainability. The National Maritime Policy (NMP) was launched two decades ago, in 2002, to provide an overarching governance framework for long-term benefits, but it is now outdated. This study aimed at analyzing the extent to which the NMP of 2002 is coherent with provincial, national, and international obligations and addresses emerging requirements for the development of a sustainable shipping sector in Pakistan. An analytical framework based on three (03) guiding principles, seven (07) criteria, and twenty-eight (28) indicators was employed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Coherence across twenty-one (21) governing instruments was analyzed, scored (0–5), and rated on a ratio scale to represent the coherence index for each indicator. Thus, a matrix representing the coherence index score for each indicator individually and in pairwise comparison with the NMP was developed. An overall coherence index was calculated as 2.1, which shows poor coherence across governing instruments. This indicates that the NMP 2002 is unable to address emerging governance needs for sustainability issues such as climate response, pollution control, ballast water management, ecosystem conservation, social well-being, stakeholder engagement, and economic diversification, thus requiring revision to meet the challenges created by incoherent governing instruments at all levels and among segments of the maritime economy.

Keywords: policy coherence; maritime economy; shipping; sustainability; governing instrument; PCI (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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