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Estimation of Quantitative Inertia Requirement Based on Effective Inertia Using Historical Operation Data of South Korea Power System

Seunghyuk Im, Jeonghoo Park, Kyungsang Lee, Yongbeom Son and Byongjun Lee ()
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Seunghyuk Im: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Jeonghoo Park: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Kyungsang Lee: Transmission and Substation Operations Department, Korea Electric Power Corporation, Naju 58322, Republic of Korea
Yongbeom Son: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Byongjun Lee: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 23, 1-17

Abstract: In low-inertia systems with a high penetration of renewable energy, the rotational kinetic energy and inertia constant are significant factors in determining frequency stability. The energy released owing to the frequency decrease during contingency represents a portion of the inertia that a synchronous machine possesses in the normal state. However, when securing inertia or planning additional resources to secure frequency stability, inertia in the normal state is analyzed as the standard rather than the amount of energy released during a fault. Therefore, in this paper, we define the actual energy emitted from a synchronous machine as Effective inertia. In order to evaluate Effective inertia in various operating conditions, we conducted a comprehensive review on approximately 24,627 cases from the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. As a result, in systems with low rotational kinetic energy, both low- and high-frequency nadirs were observed, indicating high uncertainty. However, Effective inertia presented a consistent trend regarding the energy release aligned with the minimum frequency. For instance, the rotational kinetic energy required to satisfy the frequency standard was 23 GWs, while the required Effective inertia was 858 MWs. We emphasize that securing inertia based on rotational kinetic energy includes additional imaginary energy that does not contribute to frequency, resulting in an energy requirement greater than that needed for Effective inertia. Therefore, in order to secure the frequency stability of the future system, the actual required energy amount based on Effective inertia will be presented and utilized in the inertia market and FFR (Fast Frequency Response) resource design.

Keywords: effective inertia; frequency stability; power system inertia; renewable energy source; rotational kinetic energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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