Spatio-Temporal Analysis of CO 2 Emissions from Vehicles in Urban Areas: A Satellite Imagery Approach

Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob, Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid (), Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Shabir Hussain Khahro () and Yasir Javed
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Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid: Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud: Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Shabir Hussain Khahro: College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Yasir Javed: College of Computers and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 23, 1-20

Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are a significant global environmental concern, widely notable as a major cause of climate change. Meanwhile, transportation is the main sector contributing to CO 2 emissions, which are escalating at a faster rate than Gross Domestic Product Growth. This study attempted to evaluate the spatial–temporal pattern of CO 2 emissions from vehicles using the Sentinel 5P satellite image. The Sentinel 5P image was acquired from the European Space Agency from 2019 until 2022. Utilizing ArcGIS 10.5, these data were analyzed to extract the CO 2 values, which were then displayed as the total column amount. Thereafter, the extraction by point method was conducted on road features based on the Mukim Kajang basemap to obtain the value of CO 2 emissions from transportation. Spatial–temporal mapping was then accomplished through kernel density analysis, enabling the identification of CO 2 emission hotspot areas. The findings show that the spatial–temporal pattern of CO 2 emissions was higher in September 2019 (0.06964 mol/m 2 ), March 2020 (0.03596 mol/m 2 ), December 2021 (0.0437 mol/m 2 ), and January (0.03384 mol/m 2 ), respectively. Based on eight cities in Mukim Kajang, Bandar Kajang has been a hotspot area for carbon dioxide emissions from motor vehicles for four consecutive years, starting in 2019 until 2022. In summary, the results of this study could provide guidelines to researchers and policymakers to develop effective strategies to reduce the level of CO 2 emissions from transportation in urban areas.

Keywords: carbon dioxide emission; vehicle; geographical information system (GIS); satellite imagery; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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