Biorationals and Synthetic Insecticides for Controlling Fall Armyworm and Their Influence on the Abundance and Diversity of Parasitoids

Michael Hilary Otim (), Angella Lowra Ajam, Geofrey Ogwal, Stella Aropet Adumo, Dalton Kanyesigye, Saliou Niassy, Girma Hailu, Komivi Senyo Akutse and Sevgan Subramanian
Additional contact information
Michael Hilary Otim: National Crops Resources Research Institute Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
Angella Lowra Ajam: National Crops Resources Research Institute Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
Geofrey Ogwal: National Crops Resources Research Institute Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
Stella Aropet Adumo: National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kawanda, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala P.O. Box 7065, Uganda
Dalton Kanyesigye: National Crops Resources Research Institute Namulonge, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
Saliou Niassy: International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772, Kenya
Girma Hailu: International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772, Kenya
Komivi Senyo Akutse: International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772, Kenya
Sevgan Subramanian: International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772, Kenya

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 8, 1-19

Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW) is a significant economic pest of maize in Uganda. Many Ugandan maize farmers employ synthetic insecticides as their main form of control despite the negative impacts of these chemicals. We tested the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ; General Biopesticide Cocktail (mixture of B. bassiana , M. anisopliae , Isaria fumosoroseus , Lecanicillium lecani and Purporeocillium lilacanus three strains of Metarhizium anisopliae , Nimbecidine ® (azadirachtin 0.03%EC), and Roket ® (cypermethrin 4% and profenofos 40%); and Amdocs ® (emamectin benzoate 2% and abamectin 1%) on fall armyworm and parasitoids, respectively, in 2020 and 2021. The treatments with the greatest decrease in leaf damage and infestation were Amdocs ® and Roket ® , followed by Nimbecidine ® . The biopesticides were not always more effective than the untreated control, though; their efficacy was often lower than that of the synthetic and botanical pesticides. We recovered one egg parasitoid, Telenomus remus , and seven egg and egg-larval parasitoids ( Coccygidium luteum , Coccygidium sp., Cotesia icipe , Chelonus sp., Micranisa sp., Charops cf. diversipes , and an unidentified Tachinidae). Among these, C. cf diversipes , Chelonus sp., C. luteum , C. icipe and the Tachinidae were the most abundant. Parasitism was low, averaging 10% for egg masses and 5.3% for larvae. Application of synthetic pesticides and Nimbecidine ® often resulted in higher yield when compared with the untreated control. In general, a low population of parasitoids was observed. Although the parasitoid population reduced in plots treated with Amdocs ® and Roket ® , the percentage of parasitism of FAW was not affected. In some instances, higher yields were realized in untreated control when compared with the treated plots. Pest management practices more compatible with biological control need to be considered for the management of fall armyworm.

Keywords: biopesticides; cypermethrin; emamectin benzoate; Nimbecidine ®; parasitoids; profenofos; synthetic insecticides; yield (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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