Rural Depopulation in Spain from a Gender Perspective: Analysis and Strategies for Sustainability and Territorial Revitalization

Victoria Martínez-Vérez, Paula Gil-Ruiz, Antonio Montero-Seoane () and Fátima Cruz-Souza
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Victoria Martínez-Vérez: GIR de Análisis e Investigación Psicosocial, Departamento de Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
Paula Gil-Ruiz: Departamento de Expresión Artística, Corporal y Musical, CES Don Bosco Universidad, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Antonio Montero-Seoane: Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of A Coruña, 15079 A Coruña, Spain
Fátima Cruz-Souza: GIR de Análisis e Investigación Psicosocial, Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-22

Abstract: This study analyzes gender dynamics in rural communities affected by depopulation in Castilla y León (Spain), focusing on identity, belonging, and territorial transformation. Through a qualitative research design based on Grounded Theory and social and participatory mapping, this study examines differences in identity construction between men and women within a context of demographic decline. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 88 participants from 48 villages selected via purposive sampling. The results indicate that men construct their identities around economic and traditional roles, whereas women prioritize emotional support networks and family narratives. Additionally, men perceive depopulation as a structural and economic threat, while women interpret it as a disruption of social and community cohesion. This study highlights the utility of social mapping as a methodological tool for visualizing and analyzing participants’ perceptions of territorial changes and their implications for sustainability. From a gender perspective, the findings underscore the need to address rural depopulation by considering differences in environmental perception and adaptation strategies between men and women. This study concludes that territorial revitalization policies should incorporate a gender-sensitive approach that fosters both economic development and social sustainability, promoting resilient and cohesive communities within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Keywords: education; sustainable development; visual arts; depopulation; gender (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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