A Comparative Review of Alternative Fuels for the Maritime Sector: Economic, Technology, and Policy Challenges for Clean Energy Implementation

Yifan Wang and Laurence A. Wright
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Yifan Wang: Centre for Marine Sustainability, Faculty of Creative Industries, Architecture and Engineering, Solent University, East Park Terrace, Southampton SO14 0YN, UK
Laurence A. Wright: Centre for Marine Sustainability, Faculty of Creative Industries, Architecture and Engineering, Solent University, East Park Terrace, Southampton SO14 0YN, UK

World, 2021, vol. 2, issue 4, 1-26

Abstract: Global maritime transportation is responsible for around 3% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and significant proportions of SO x , NO x , and PM emissions. Considering the predicted growth in shipping volumes to 2050, greenhouse gas emissions from ships must be cut by 75–85% per ton-mile to meet Paris Agreement goals. This study reviews the potential of a range of alternative fuels for decarbonisation in maritime. A systematic literature review and information synthesis method was applied to evaluate fuel characteristics, production pathways, utilization technologies, energy efficiency, lifecycle environmental performance, economic viability, and current applicable policies. Alternative fuels are essential to decarbonisation in international shipping. However, findings suggest there is no single route to deliver the required greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Emissions reductions vary widely depending on the production pathways of the fuel. Alternative fuels utilising a carbon-intensive production pathway will not provide decarbonisation, instead shifting emissions elsewhere in the supply chain. Ultimately, a system-wide perspective to creating an effective policy framework is required in order to promote the adoption of alternative propulsion technologies.

Keywords: maritime; decarbonisation; hydrogen; methane; ammonia; nitrogen dioxide; sulphur dioxide (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G15 G17 G18 L21 L22 L25 L26 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 R51 R52 R58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (12)

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