Early pension withdrawal as stimulus

Steven Hamilton, Geoffrey Liu and Tristram Sainsbury
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Geoffrey Liu: Harvard University
Tristram Sainsbury: Australian National University

Working Papers from The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Australian government allowed eligible individuals to withdraw up to A$20,000 (around half median annual wage income) across two tranches from their retirement accounts, ordinarily inaccessible until retirement. Based on historical returns, the modal withdrawal by the modal-aged withdrawer can be expected to reduce their balance at retirement by more than $120,000 in today's dollars. One in six working-age people withdrew a total of $38 billion (on average, 51% of their balances). These transfers represented a liquidity shock and were much larger than those considered in the literature to date. Using administrative and weekly bank transactions data, we find a high marginal propensity to spend (MPX) given the size of the transfers of at least 0.43 within eight weeks, spread broadly across categories (including around half or more on non-durables) and across withdrawers. The response to the second withdrawal, which two-thirds returned for and which occurred after activity had recovered, was even larger at 0.48. Withdrawal and spending are predicted strongly by numerous measures of poor financial health, high pre-withdrawal rates of cash withdrawal and gambling, and younger age. The MPX of rational, forward-looking but liquidity constrained consumers can be expected to asymptote to zero as the transfer size rises, while that of present-biased consumers can be expected to remain high. Our findings overwhelmingly are consistent with the latter, suggesting roughly 80% of withdrawers were present-biased. In selecting strongly on the present-biased, the program presents a sharp trade-off between effective macroeconomic stimulus and suboptimal retirement saving policy.

Keywords: Stimulus; retirement saving; marginal propensity to consume; present bias (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E21 E63 E71 H31 H55 J32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 59 pages
Date: 2023-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-age and nep-ban
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